Direct tsav motors ua hauj lwm zoo ib yam li feem ntau brushless DC motors. Cov hlau nplaum txuas nrog lub cev muaj zog lub rotor thiab windings yog teem rau ntawm lub cev muaj zog stator. Raws li cov windings yog energized, lawv tsim electromagnetic teb uas yog nyiam los yog tshem tawm cov rotor cov hlau nplaum. Tsim nyog hloov lossis hloov pauv ntawm lub zog mus rau lub windings ua rau muaj kev tswj xyuas. Muaj cov linear thiab rotary direct tsav motors tab sis cov qauv teb yog nyob deb ntawm feem ntau siv.
Direct drive motors with diameters of >1m are possible, able to produce a torque of >10, 000Nm. Ntau lub tshuab tsav ncaj qha yog 'frameless' uas txhais tau hais tias lawv tau txais yam tsis muaj vaj tse, bearings, lossis tawm tswv yim sensor. Qhov no tso cai rau cov neeg tsim tshuab thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke txhawm rau txhim kho lawv cov vaj tsev, ncej, thiab cov kabmob tsim kom ua kom zoo tag nrho qhov loj, zoo, qhov hnyav, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Ob qho laj thawj tseem ceeb rau tus kws tsim qauv tsim los xaiv tus tsav ncaj qha yog qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab cov duab zoo. Es tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog kev sib txuas, gearbox, siv, lossis chains, lub tshuab tsav ncaj qha txuas ncaj qha mus rau lub nra, yog li tsis muaj hysteresis, backlash, lossis 'poob tsab ntawv tsa suab' nyob rau hauv txhua qhov kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav. Qhov tsim kom zoo dua uas yog los ntawm cov motors uas ncaj ncaj nrog lub qhov loj hauv nruab nrab - tso cai rau cov hlua khi, cov kav dej, thiab cov cables kom dhau mus - yuav tsum tsis txhob kwv yees.
Qhov zoo ntawm txoj kev tsav ncaj qha muaj xws li:
dynamic kev ua tau zoo heevthiab tswj kom raug ntawm txoj hauj lwm thiab/los yog ceev
Tsis muaj backlash los yog hnav
Kev ntseeg siabvim tsis tshua muaj suav & tshem tawm cov iav, pulleys, ntsaws ruaj ruaj, bearings, thiab lwm yam.
Compact- nrog qis axial qhov siab thiab loj bore ua tau
Tsawg torque ripplelos yog 'cogging'
Zog efficiencylos ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm kev poob hauv cov khoom nruab nrab nruab nrab
Tsawg suab nrovlos yog nws tus kheej induced vibration
Tsis muaj / tsis tu ncua
Tsawg cua txias xav tauvim zoo thermal geometry
Huab cua sib txawv- Ib qho yooj yim installation thiab tiv thaiv kev poob siab.
Lub ntsiab qhov tsis zoo yog feem ntau pom ntau dua li qhov tseeb - cov tsav tsheb ncaj qha (DD Motors) feem ntau xav tias yuav kim dua li cov motors ib txwm muaj. Txawm hais tias qhov no feem ntau yuav muaj tseeb hauv kev sib piv 1: 1 yooj yim, kev pom ntau dua (saib rau hauv tus account qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm cov iav nruab nrab, kev sib txuas, thiab kev saib xyuas nrog rau kev txo qis ntawm tag nrho cov tshuab simplification) qhia tau hais tias kev tsav tsheb ncaj qha yog, tej zaum. Kuj ceeb tias, qhov zoo tshaj tus nqi thiab kev daws teeb meem hauv ntau daim ntawv thov.
Classic piv txwv ntawm kev tsav ncaj qha muaj nyob rau hauv gimbals xws li kav hlau txais xov systems (xws li tsheb-mounted satellite kev sib txuas lus), soj ntsuam & CCTV koob yees duab, scanners, telescopes, electro-optics, tus nqi rooj, thiab radar systems. Kuj tseem muaj cov ntawv thov hauv CNC tshuab cuab yeej, ntim khoom, neeg hlau, thiab txawm tias high-end record turntables.
Yog hais tias lub bore ntawm tus tsav ncaj qha yog me me (<2") there is a wide choice of position feedback sensors based on optical, magnetic, capacitive, and inductive technologies. For larger bores, the primary options are frameless resolvers, ring encoders, and inductive encoders.
Frameless Resolvers
Ib qho kev daws teeb meem uas nws qhov siab axial yog me me piv rau nws txoj kab uas hla tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau raws li ib qho kev daws teeb meem tsis muaj teeb meem, ib qho kev daws teeb meem slab, lossis pancake daws. Kev hais lus nruj me ntsis 'frameless' txhais tau hais tias lub tsev daws teeb meem tau raug tshem tawm tab sis ntau tus engineers yuav siv lub sij hawm tsis muaj teeb meem thaum xa mus rau tus daws teeb meem nrog qhov siab qis thiab txoj kab uas hla loj.
Feem ntau cov kev daws teeb meem yog brushless es tsis txhuam, tab sis yog tag nrho raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm transformer. Hauv lwm lo lus, lawv yog inductive angle sensors. Raws li txoj haujlwm ntawm tus neeg daws teeb meem lub rotor sib txawv ntawm nws cov stator, electromagnetic coupling ntawm rotor thiab stator sib txawv. Qhov no tuaj yeem pom tau tias tus neeg daws teeb meem tso tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv los yog cov teeb liab input.
Qee qhov kev daws teeb meem yog hu ua 'sib nrawm', 'ob nrawm', 'plaub-ceev' thiab lwm yam. Qhov no yog hais txog cov sij hawm uas tus neeg daws teeb meem cov zis txawv txawv ntawm 1 kiv puag ncig. Ib qho kev daws teeb meem ib zaug yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj 1 rev; ob-ceev daws teeb meem cov zis yog tshwj xeeb tshaj 180 degrees hauv 1 rev; plaub-ceev daws teeb meem cov zis yog tshwj xeeb tshaj 90 degrees nyob rau hauv 1 rev thiab hais txog.
Cov kev daws teeb meem muaj cov ntaub ntawv zoo heev hauv cov ntawv thov kev nyab xeeb - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv civil aerospace. Lawv yog cov tsis tshua muaj rugged thiab txhim khu kev qha tab sis zoo li yuav loj heev, hnyav, thiab nyuaj rau customize.
Nplhaib Encoders
Nplhaib encoders tseem hu ua loj hollow bore encoders los yog loj los ntawm ncej encoders. Raws li nrog cov kev daws teeb meem tsis muaj teeb meem - tag nrho cov ntsiab lus hais txog tus encoder uas nws qhov siab axial me me piv rau nws txoj kab uas hla. Lub nplhaib encoders feem ntau yog kho qhov muag lossis sib nqus.
Lub optical encoder siv cov scanning ntawm ib tug zoo grating los yog "scale" illuminated los ntawm ib tug LED teeb qhov chaw. Cov nplai, teb los yog kab tawm, yog ua los ntawm pob tshab thiab opaque "kab" uas tau teeb tsa hauv 50-50 lub voj voog ua haujlwm. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov cheeb tsam pob tshab ntawm lub disc sib raug rau qhov ntsuas pitch uas txhais tau tias qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm tus encoder. Lub sensor generates ib tug voltage nyob rau hauv feem rau qhov teeb meem lub teeb siv. Raws li lub sensor txav mus rau qhov ntsuas qhov voltage sib txawv sinusoidally. Optical encoders xa cov qib siab ntawm qhov tseeb tab sis yog qhov tsis yooj yim thiab cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob.
Lub tshuab magnetic encoder siv cov hlau nplaum ntau tus ncej. Lub sensor, Hall-effect lossis magnetoresistive, ntsuas qhov hloov pauv hauv cov hlau nplaum sib nqus thaum cov hlau nplaum txav mus rau qhov ntsuas. Sine thiab cosine signals tuaj yeem tsim tawm raws li nyob rau hauv optical encoder. Sib nqus encoders yog rugged, compact, thiab yuav ua tau zoo heev. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam rau magnetic teb. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tsim ib tug nplua-pitch magnetic khiav limiting daws teeb meem. Repeatability yog cuam tshuam los ntawm hysteresis thiab qhov tseeb hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ua haujlwm. Cov hlau nplaum sib nqus yog qhov nkig thiab tuaj yeem ua rau poob siab.
Inductive Encoder
Inductive encoders (IncOders) siv tib lub physics tseem ceeb raws li cov neeg daws teeb meem tab sis muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo ib yam li cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lawv muab tib lub zog thiab kev ntseeg tau raws li kev daws teeb meem tab sis nrog kev siv yooj yim, hluav taws xob interface.
Tsis zoo li tus neeg daws teeb meem, tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm yog nyob rau hauv IncOder lub stator. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov hluav taws xob cuam tshuam feem ntau yog qhov tsawg-voltage DC mov uas ua rau cov ntaub ntawv tso tawm uas sawv cev rau lub kaum ntse ntse lossis hloov lub kaum sab xis.
Tsis zoo li lub nplhaib encoder, IncOder qhov kev ntsuas tsis yog tsuas yog ua ntawm ib qho taw tes tab sis hla tag nrho lub ntsej muag ntawm lub rotor thiab stator. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias IncOders tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qhov tsis raug los ntawm kev sib hloov tsis sib xws, yog li ua rau lawv cov kev teeb tsa yooj yim heev.